The list of greatest moments in science:
structure of DNA, structure of atom, structure of blood flow

Monitoring the health of astronauts based on the assessment of the functional state of the body within the realms of norm and pathology. The area of functional states qualifies as the yellow score of health on a notional scale 'traffic light of health': Modern medicine is particularly interested in studying the health of the yellow score, because of the preventative measures that could still be taken before making contact with the healthcare system.

Diagnostic parameter “arterial pressure” known in medical practice from the earliest times is now widely used for assessment of body state. Indirect occlusive methods are the most popular measurement techniques. Although the indirect method of measurement is more than one hundred years old there is no precise understanding of biophysical processes taking place in compressed blood flow.

The paper reviews the existing methods for hemodynamic parameters measurement, namely the Fick method, the thermodilution technique and the Cardiocode technology. Comparative analysis of the above methods is presented. Strong and weak points in each method and their informative values are identified. Distinctive features of the Cardiocode method, as the only noninvasive one, are described.

On the morning of April 12th, 1961, the day of the first human space flight, I went to the Remote Space Communication Center located at 3 Stroiteley Street, in Leninsky Prospect. This is where first ever telemedicine session for receiving information on the cosmonauts’ physical condition during space flight was scheduled.

Experience of cosmonauts’ health monitoring shows that in the study of healthy subjects clinical approach to the evaluation of various medical and physiological data is almost less effective than the evaluation of organism adaptive abilities. The idea of prenosological diagnosis and the concept of adaptive risks develop in space medicine last years. These new space technologies are being actively tested in terrestrial studies in systems as 'home medicine'.

A shortcoming common to all existing designs of mechanical cardiac valve prostheses is an increased trombogenicity caused, among other factors, by the lack of hydrodynamic compatibility between the luminal part of the prosthesis and the patterned blood flow. The aim of the study is to design and test our new mechanical aortic valve prosthesis to exclude life-long anticoagulation treatment.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of total omission of dietary salt intake on BP.

Attempts to create an artificial heart were highlighted by our journal one year ago. Now we can say that there is no break-through news in this field: no technological progress, no pioneering research and no spectacular advancements are reported.

Conventional methods for arterial pressure (AP) measurement are not capable of identifying it in each cardiac cycle. Besides, they ignore many significant factors. The paper reports on an innovative method based on cardiac cycle phase analysis for detecting systolic and diastolic AP changes in each cardiac cycle using synchronous digitally processed ECG and Rheo recordings. Considered is the phase mechanism of the natural diastolic pressure regulation. The diastolic AP changes referred to the physiological norm and aortic dilatation status are also assessed.

In the young patients with bicuspid aortic valve, manifestation of aortic stenosis (AS) often remains silent. Asymptomatic very severe AS makes medical decisions challenging. For the better evaluation of AS severity and estimation the indications for the surgical treatment any stress test is preferable.