Review on Cardiac Arrhythmias with ECG Interpretation on Different Myocardial Regions

Abstract

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the major diagnostics tools for Cardiac Arrhythmias (CA). ECG interpretation is more important to provide specific treatment of different arrhythmic myocardial regions. In this article the aim is to focus on detailed normal and abnormal ECG interpretation with different myocardial regions. Contraction and Relaxation Process (CRP) during cardiac cycle generates complex ECG with addition of each conduction node electrical vector activity in cardiac conduction system. Epinephrine stimulates Beta1 adrenergic receptors to produce more G stimulation proteins and thus leads to increase calcium level in the cell that provides frequent production of Action Potential (AP) like sinus tachycardia, Early Afterdepolarization (EAD) and Delayed Afterdepolarization (EAD). Myocardial scar regions, AP cannot move because of blockage, in turns moving rapidly around the dead area in a circular way to lead reentrant arrhythmias. On the other hand of respiration cycle, vagus outflow fluctuates (inspiration) the Sinus Node (SN) to increase heart rate (R-R distance will decrease, more P wave and QRS complex will be produced) and to decrease heart rate during expiration (R-R distance will be more). Finally conclude that different myocardial dysfunction regions are the major cause of multi-classified cardiac arrhythmias.

Imprint

Gulothungan G., Vickram A.S. Review on Cardiac Arrhythmias with ECG Interpretation on Different Myocardial Regions. Cardiometry; No.26 February 2023; p.256-265; DOI: 10.18137/cardiometry.2023.26.256265; Available from: https://www.cardiometry.net/issues/no26-february-2023/review-on-cardiac-arrhythmias-with-ecg-interpretation