The role of anesthesiology in modern cardiac surgery: overview of key techniques and issues

Abstract

Anesthesiology plays a key role in modern cardiac surgery, ensuring the safe conduct of surgical interventions on the heart and blood vessels. The paper provides an overview of the main techniques and problems in the field of anesthesiology in cardiac surgery. The first section is devoted to the basic methods of anesthesiological provision of cardiac surgery. He describes the various types of anesthesia used in cardiac surgery, including general anesthesia, epidural and spinal anesthesia, as well as combined methods. The advantages and disadvantages of each of them are considered, as well as the specifics of their application, depending on the type of operation and the patient's condition. The second section examines the key problems faced by anesthesiologists in cardiac surgery. This includes managing hemodynamic parameters during surgery, monitoring heart and respiratory function, ensuring adequate analgesia, and preventing possible complications such as myocardial ischemia, arrhythmias, hypothermia, and thromboembolic events. Special attention is paid to solving problems related to patients with concomitant diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc. The article discusses the features of the use of cardiothoracic anesthesia in cardiac surgery, as well as emerging problems and prospects in this area. An overview of the use of anesthesia in the field of cardiac surgery is presented, both current challenges and problems in this area are highlighted. The current state of anesthesia in cardiac surgery is analyzed and a number of problems faced by anesthesiologists during cardiac surgery, including problems of cardiothoracic anesthesia, are highlighted. This includes difficulties with controlling the depth of anesthesia, ensuring safety while maintaining artificial circulation, managing fluid balance, and monitoring cardiac function during surgery. The article reveals the relevance and importance of the work of anesthesiologists in cardiac surgery and the problems they face, as well as reveals the prospects for the development of anesthesia in cardiac surgery. This work will help anesthesiologists and cardiac surgeons better understand the specifics of anesthesiological care in cardiac surgery and effectively solve emerging problems, ensuring maximum safety and comfort for patients.

Imprint

Anastsiia I. Novikova, Vladislav E. Lyubushkin, Anna V. Studenikina, Dana Kh. Albotova, Polina I. Bakhmeteva, Diana A. Torchinova, David N. Chkareuli, Maria S. Kazakova, Elena A. Sevriugina, Anastasiia S. Pyrchenkova. The role of anesthesiology in modern cardiac surgery: overview of key techniques and issues. Cardiometry; Issue 31; May 2024; p.145-150; DOI: 10.18137/cardiometry.2024.31.145150; Available from: https://www.cardiometry.net/issues/no31-may-2024/role-anesthesiology-modern